20^th World Congress on Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine September 17-18, 2018 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Neonatology includes medical care of newborn infants, especially premature and sick newborn. It is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care units. The principal patients of neonatologists are newborn infants who require special medical care due to low birth weight, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, congenital malformations, sepsis, pulmonary hypoplasia or birth asphyxia. Perinatology is a practice of medicine concerned with the care of the fetus.  Perinatal period starts at the 20th to 28th week of gestation and ends 1 to 4 weeks after birth. Before birth a high-risk baby might be cared by a perinatologist and after birth by a neonatologist.

Pediatric Hematology and Oncology are the wide and complex area that includes perturbations of the few blood components and their forerunners in the bone marrow, and also the coagulation-fibrinolytic system in the plasma, the reticuloendothelial system, and malignancies of the blood and strong tissues.

Pediatric cardiology is a practice dealing with various problems related to heart in children, infants, new born. The field incorporates therapeutic conclusion and treatment of innate heart deserts; coronary corridor disease, heart disappointment, valvular coronary illness and electrophysiology in kids. Atherosclerosis is additionally the most well-known reason for Pediatric cardiovascular disease. Tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, pulmonary atresia, persistent truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries, and Ebsteins anomaly are various congenital cyanotic heart diseases. 

Pediatric Neurology is a practice of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system and nerves which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and diseases involving the central and peripheral nervous system including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue. Neurological practice relies on the field of neuroscience, which is the scientific study of the nervous system.

Pediatric Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may recover optimal health. Pediatric nursing is the medicinal care of neonates and child up to adolescence, ordinarily in an in-persistent hospital.

Pediatric nephrology  is a specialty of  pediatrics that concerns itself with  the study of normal kidney function and kidney problems, treatment of kidney problems, the preservation of kidney health,  the  from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy of a children. Systemic conditions that affect the kidneys and systemic problems that occur as a result of kidney problems are also studied in nephrology.

Pediatric Immunology includes causes, pathophysiology, management, treatments, practices and control of sensitivities that create in Children. Up to 40 percent of infants experience the effects of unfavorably susceptible rhinitis. Children will probably create allergies if the any of the parents have allergy. Pediatric Immunology covers the immune system of the children. Rheumatology is committed to determination and treatment of rheumatic diseases.

The maintenance of a well-balanced diet consisting all macro and micro nutrients and the adequate caloric intake necessary to promote growth and sustain the physiological requirements at the various stages of development of a child. Needs of nutrition vary considerably with age, environmental conditions, and level of activity and they are directly related to the growth rate. In the prenatal period growth totally depends on adequate maternal nutrition. During infancy the need for calories is greater than at any postnatal period because of the rapid increase in both height and weight.

Pediatric Gastroenterology is the practice focused on the digestive system and its disorders in Children. Diseases which are affecting the gastrointestinal tract are the focus of this speciality.  Gastroenterology is mainly based upon the study of the normal function and diseases of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum, pancreas, gallbladder, bile ducts and liver.

Pediatric endocrinology deals with the disorders of the endocrine glands which includes variations of physical and sexual development in childhood. The most common disease of the specialty is type 1 diabetes, which usually accounts for at least 50% of a typical clinical practice. Growth disorders are the next common problem, especially those amenable to growth hormone treatment. The specialty also deals with hypoglycemia and other forms of hyperglycemia in childhood, variations of puberty, as well other adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary problems. Diabetes happens when the pancreas does not produce enough of the hormone insulin, or the body can't utilize insulin legitimately. Insulin enables convey to sugar from the circulation system into the cells. Once inside the cells, sugar is changed over into vitality for prompt utilize or stored for the future.

Pediatric pulmonology is a medical specialty that deals with diagnosis and treatment of diseases involving respiratory tract in children. Pediatric pulmonologists are specially trained in pulmonary pediatric diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, complicated chest infections, etc. Sleep Disorders and medicine is used to treat various sleep disorders. Falling asleep and waking up are controlled by a number of chemical changes in the brain and the blood. These sleep studies are carried out by many specialists and their risk factors are measured for the future complaints.

Pediatric psychology addresses the psychological aspects of illness and the promotion of health behaviors in children as well as in adolescents. Psychological issues are addressed in a developmental system and emphasize the dynamic relationship which exists between children and their families. Common areas of study includes environmental factors and psychosocial development which contributes to the development of a disorder, outcomes of children with medical conditions, treating emotional and behavioral components of illness and promoting proper developmental disabilities and health behaviors.

The Pediatric Dermatology is the practice of medicine which includes diagnosis and treatment of skin, hair, nail diseases affecting infants, children and adolescents. The pediatric dermatology places emphasis on educating children and their families about skin disease, and the prevention of permanent cosmetic disability is stressed. The service offers the full array of pulsed dye laser therapy for port wine stains, certain hemangiomas, broken blood vessels and a variety of other vascular lesions of the skin.

Pediatric dentistry is an age-defined specialty which provides both primary and comprehensive preventive and therapeutic oral health care for new borns and children through adolescence, including those with special health care needs.

Adolescent medicine is a practice of medicine that involves on care of patients who are in the adolescent period of development, generally ranging from the last years of elementary school until graduation from high school. Patients have generally entered puberty, which typically begins between the ages of 11 and 13 for boys. The field of adolescent medicine addresses the needs of the whole person from a variety of psychological, sociological, and physiological perspective.

Child abuse is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment of a child, especially by a parent or any caregiver. Child abuse may results in actual or potential harm to a child. Child maltreatment is often used in place of child abuse just to give an umbrella term to cover neglect, exploitation, and trafficking.